docs: finalize README with migrations, tests and vCard notes

Reviewed-on: #1

.gitignore

@@ -16,4 +16,11 @@ __pycache__/
 .DS_Store
 
 # vCards
-vcards
+vcards/
+
+# Logs
+logs/
+
+#
+anmeldung.sqbpro
+docs/CHAT_SUMMARY.md

README.md

@@ -23,3 +23,44 @@ python app.py
 ```
 
 Das Formular ist dann unter http://127.0.0.1:5000/ erreichbar.
+
+Migrations (Flask-Migrate / Alembic)
+---------------------------------
+
+Das Projekt verwendet jetzt Flask-Migrate (Alembic) für Datenbank-Migrationen. Ablauf lokal:
+
+```bash
+# virtuelles Environment aktivieren
+source .venv/bin/activate
+
+# Migrationen initialisieren (nur einmal)
+export FLASK_APP=app.py
+flask db init
+
+# Neue Migration auf Basis der Models erzeugen
+flask db migrate -m "Beschreibung der Änderung"
+
+# Migration anwenden
+flask db upgrade
+```
+
+Hinweis: Wenn die Datenbank bereits Tabellen enthält, benutze `flask db stamp head`, damit Alembic den aktuellen Stand als angewendet markiert.
+
+Tests
+-----
+
+Die Tests laufen mit pytest:
+
+```bash
+source .venv/bin/activate
+python -m pytest -q
+```
+
+vCard Export
+-----------
+
+Nach dem Absenden eines Anmeldeformulars wird eine vCard 4.0 im Ordner `vcards/` erzeugt. Dateiname-Muster:
+
+```
+Nachname_Vorname_<id>.vcf
+```

app.py

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
 from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
 import os
 import re
-import pathlib
-import unicodedata
+from utils import generate_vcard
+import logging
+from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
+from flask_migrate import Migrate
 
 BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
 DB_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'anmeldung.db')
@@ -13,6 +15,20 @@ app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///{DB_PATH}'
 app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
 
 db = SQLAlchemy(app)
+# Flask-Migrate (Alembic) integration
+migrate = Migrate(app, db)
+
+# --- logging setup -------------------------------------------------
+LOG_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'logs')
+os.makedirs(LOG_DIR, exist_ok=True)
+log_file = os.path.join(LOG_DIR, 'app.log')
+handler = RotatingFileHandler(log_file, maxBytes=5 * 1024 * 1024, backupCount=3)
+formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s: %(message)s')
+handler.setFormatter(formatter)
+handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+app.logger.addHandler(handler)
+app.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 class Adresse(db.Model):
@@ -98,45 +114,12 @@ def index():
 
         # vCard 4.0 erzeugen und speichern
         try:
-            vcards_dir = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'vcards')
-            os.makedirs(vcards_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-            # sanitize filename: remove diacritics and unsafe chars
-            def slug(s):
-                s = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', s)
-                s = ''.join(c for c in s if not unicodedata.combining(c))
-                s = ''.join(c for c in s if c.isalnum() or c in (' ', '_', '-'))
-                return s.replace(' ', '_')
-
-            filename = f"{slug(adresse.nachname)}_{slug(adresse.vorname)}_{adresse.id}.vcf"
-            filepath = os.path.join(vcards_dir, filename)
-
-            # build vCard 4.0 content
-            lines = [
-                'BEGIN:VCARD',
-                'VERSION:4.0',
-                f'N:{adresse.nachname};{adresse.vorname};;;',
-                f'FN:{adresse.vorname} {adresse.nachname}',
-            ]
-            # ADR: PO Box;Extended;Street;Locality;Region;PostalCode;Country
-            street = adresse.strasse or ''
-            if adresse.hausnummer:
-                street = f"{street} {adresse.hausnummer}".strip()
-            adr = f'ADR:;;{street};{adresse.ort};;{adresse.plz};{adresse.land}'
-            lines.append(adr)
-            if adresse.email:
-                lines.append(f'EMAIL;TYPE=internet:{adresse.email}')
-            phone = ''
-            if adresse.telefon_vorwahl or adresse.telefon_nummer:
-                phone = f"+{adresse.telefon_vorwahl}{adresse.telefon_nummer}".replace('++', '+')
-                lines.append(f'TEL;TYPE=voice:{phone}')
-            lines.append('END:VCARD')
-
-            with open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                f.write('\n'.join(lines))
-        except Exception:
-            # nicht kritisch: bei Fehlern nicht die ganze Anfrage abbrechen
-            pass
+            # determine base dir: prefer app.config, then app attribute, then module BASE_DIR
+            base_dir = app.config.get('BASE_DIR') if app.config.get('BASE_DIR') else getattr(app, 'BASE_DIR', BASE_DIR)
+            generate_vcard(adresse, base_dir)
+        except Exception as e:
+            # Log the exception with stack trace but don't abort the request
+            app.logger.exception('Fehler beim Erzeugen der vCard for adresse id=%s: %s', adresse.id if hasattr(adresse, 'id') else 'unknown', e)
 
         # Nach erfolgreichem Speichern weiterleiten
         return redirect(url_for('danke', id=adresse.id))
@@ -149,12 +132,18 @@ def index():
 @app.route('/danke')
 def danke():
     id = request.args.get('id')
-    adresse = Adresse.query.get(id)
+    # Use session.get to avoid SQLAlchemy LegacyAPIWarning and cast id to int if present
+    adresse = db.session.get(Adresse, int(id)) if id else None
     return render_template('danke.html', adresse=adresse)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    # Ensure DB exists
-    if not os.path.exists(DB_PATH):
+    # In development only: if there is no migrations directory, create tables automatically.
+    # In all other cases prefer using Flask-Migrate (flask db upgrade).
+    migrations_dir = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'migrations')
+    if not os.path.exists(migrations_dir):
+        app.logger.info('No migrations directory found; creating database tables with db.create_all()')
         db.create_all()
+    else:
+        app.logger.info('Migrations directory present; please use "flask db upgrade" to update the database schema')
     app.run(debug=True)

migrations/README

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Single-database configuration for Flask.

migrations/alembic.ini

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# A generic, single database configuration.
+
+[alembic]
+# template used to generate migration files
+# file_template = %%(rev)s_%%(slug)s
+
+# set to 'true' to run the environment during
+# the 'revision' command, regardless of autogenerate
+# revision_environment = false
+
+
+# Logging configuration
+[loggers]
+keys = root,sqlalchemy,alembic,flask_migrate
+
+[handlers]
+keys = console
+
+[formatters]
+keys = generic
+
+[logger_root]
+level = WARN
+handlers = console
+qualname =
+
+[logger_sqlalchemy]
+level = WARN
+handlers =
+qualname = sqlalchemy.engine
+
+[logger_alembic]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = alembic
+
+[logger_flask_migrate]
+level = INFO
+handlers =
+qualname = flask_migrate
+
+[handler_console]
+class = StreamHandler
+args = (sys.stderr,)
+level = NOTSET
+formatter = generic
+
+[formatter_generic]
+format = %(levelname)-5.5s [%(name)s] %(message)s
+datefmt = %H:%M:%S

migrations/env.py

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import logging
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+
+from flask import current_app
+
+from alembic import context
+
+# this is the Alembic Config object, which provides
+# access to the values within the .ini file in use.
+config = context.config
+
+# Interpret the config file for Python logging.
+# This line sets up loggers basically.
+fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+logger = logging.getLogger('alembic.env')
+
+
+def get_engine():
+    try:
+        # this works with Flask-SQLAlchemy<3 and Alchemical
+        return current_app.extensions['migrate'].db.get_engine()
+    except (TypeError, AttributeError):
+        # this works with Flask-SQLAlchemy>=3
+        return current_app.extensions['migrate'].db.engine
+
+
+def get_engine_url():
+    try:
+        return get_engine().url.render_as_string(hide_password=False).replace(
+            '%', '%%')
+    except AttributeError:
+        return str(get_engine().url).replace('%', '%%')
+
+
+# add your model's MetaData object here
+# for 'autogenerate' support
+# from myapp import mymodel
+# target_metadata = mymodel.Base.metadata
+config.set_main_option('sqlalchemy.url', get_engine_url())
+target_db = current_app.extensions['migrate'].db
+
+# other values from the config, defined by the needs of env.py,
+# can be acquired:
+# my_important_option = config.get_main_option("my_important_option")
+# ... etc.
+
+
+def get_metadata():
+    if hasattr(target_db, 'metadatas'):
+        return target_db.metadatas[None]
+    return target_db.metadata
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline():
+    """Run migrations in 'offline' mode.
+
+    This configures the context with just a URL
+    and not an Engine, though an Engine is acceptable
+    here as well.  By skipping the Engine creation
+    we don't even need a DBAPI to be available.
+
+    Calls to context.execute() here emit the given string to the
+    script output.
+
+    """
+    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
+    context.configure(
+        url=url, target_metadata=get_metadata(), literal_binds=True
+    )
+
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online():
+    """Run migrations in 'online' mode.
+
+    In this scenario we need to create an Engine
+    and associate a connection with the context.
+
+    """
+
+    # this callback is used to prevent an auto-migration from being generated
+    # when there are no changes to the schema
+    # reference: http://alembic.zzzcomputing.com/en/latest/cookbook.html
+    def process_revision_directives(context, revision, directives):
+        if getattr(config.cmd_opts, 'autogenerate', False):
+            script = directives[0]
+            if script.upgrade_ops.is_empty():
+                directives[:] = []
+                logger.info('No changes in schema detected.')
+
+    conf_args = current_app.extensions['migrate'].configure_args
+    if conf_args.get("process_revision_directives") is None:
+        conf_args["process_revision_directives"] = process_revision_directives
+
+    connectable = get_engine()
+
+    with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        context.configure(
+            connection=connection,
+            target_metadata=get_metadata(),
+            **conf_args
+        )
+
+        with context.begin_transaction():
+            context.run_migrations()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()

migrations/script.py.mako

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+"""${message}
+
+Revision ID: ${up_revision}
+Revises: ${down_revision | comma,n}
+Create Date: ${create_date}
+
+"""
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+${imports if imports else ""}
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = ${repr(up_revision)}
+down_revision = ${repr(down_revision)}
+branch_labels = ${repr(branch_labels)}
+depends_on = ${repr(depends_on)}
+
+
+def upgrade():
+    ${upgrades if upgrades else "pass"}
+
+
+def downgrade():
+    ${downgrades if downgrades else "pass"}

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+pytest
+Flask-Migrate>=4.0

requirements.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 Flask>=2.0
 Flask-SQLAlchemy>=3.0
+Flask-Migrate>=4.0
+alembic>=1.9

tests/test_utils_vcard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from utils import generate_vcard
+
+
+def test_generate_vcard_writes_file(tmp_path):
+    addr = SimpleNamespace(
+        vorname='Anna',
+        nachname='Muster',
+        strasse='Beispielweg',
+        hausnummer='5a',
+        plz='54321',
+        ort='Beispielstadt',
+        land='Deutschland',
+        email='anna@example.com',
+        telefon_vorwahl='49',
+        telefon_nummer='7654321',
+        id=42,
+    )
+
+    path = generate_vcard(addr, str(tmp_path))
+    assert Path(path).exists()
+
+    content = Path(path).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert 'BEGIN:VCARD' in content
+    assert 'FN:Anna Muster' in content
+    assert 'EMAIL;TYPE=internet:anna@example.com' in content
+    assert 'TEL;TYPE=voice:+497654321' in content

tests/test_vcard_export.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import pytest
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from app import app, db, Frage
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def client(tmp_path):
+    # Use a temporary directory for vcards and a temporary sqlite db
+    # temp DB file
+    db_file = tmp_path / "test.db"
+
+    # Configure app for testing
+    app.config['TESTING'] = True
+    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///{db_file}'
+
+    # Use temp vcards dir by setting app.BASE_DIR
+    app.BASE_DIR = str(tmp_path)
+
+    # ensure clean DB and create tables
+    with app.app_context():
+        db.drop_all()
+        db.create_all()
+        # create a sample question so POST processing loops over it
+        q = Frage(text='Testfrage?')
+        db.session.add(q)
+        db.session.commit()
+        # record question id for use in test POST data
+        app.config['TEST_QUESTION_ID'] = q.id
+
+    with app.test_client() as test_client:
+        yield test_client
+
+
+def test_vcard_created_after_submit(client):
+    data = {
+        'vorname': 'Max',
+        'nachname': 'Mustermann',
+        'strasse': 'Musterstraße',
+        'hausnummer': '1',
+        'plz': '12345',
+        'ort': 'Musterstadt',
+        'land': 'Deutschland',
+        'telefon_vorwahl': '49',
+        'telefon_nummer': '1234567',
+        'email': 'max@example.com',
+        # question id set in fixture
+        f'frage_{app.config.get("TEST_QUESTION_ID")}': 'Antwort'
+    }
+
+    # Submit the form
+    res = client.post('/', data=data, follow_redirects=True)
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+
+    # find vcards dir under tmp_path (app.BASE_DIR)
+    vcards_dir = Path(app.BASE_DIR) / 'vcards'
+    files = list(vcards_dir.glob('*.vcf'))
+    assert len(files) == 1
+
+    content = files[0].read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert 'BEGIN:VCARD' in content
+    assert 'VERSION:4.0' in content
+    assert 'FN:Max Mustermann' in content
+    assert 'EMAIL;TYPE=internet:max@example.com' in content
+    assert 'ADR:' in content

utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import os
+import unicodedata
+
+
+def _slug(s: str) -> str:
+    if not s:
+        return ''
+    s = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD', s)
+    s = ''.join(c for c in s if not unicodedata.combining(c))
+    s = ''.join(c for c in s if c.isalnum() or c in (' ', '_', '-'))
+    return s.replace(' ', '_')
+
+
+def generate_vcard(adresse, base_dir: str):
+    """Generate a vCard 4.0 file for the given adresse object.
+
+    adresse: object with attributes vorname, nachname, strasse, hausnummer,
+             plz, ort, land, email, telefon_vorwahl, telefon_nummer, id
+    base_dir: directory where 'vcards/' will be created
+
+    Returns the path to the written vcard file.
+    """
+    vcards_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'vcards')
+    os.makedirs(vcards_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    filename = f"{_slug(adresse.nachname)}_{_slug(adresse.vorname)}_{adresse.id}.vcf"
+    filepath = os.path.join(vcards_dir, filename)
+
+    # build vCard 4.0 content
+    lines = [
+        'BEGIN:VCARD',
+        'VERSION:4.0',
+        f'N:{adresse.nachname};{adresse.vorname};;;',
+        f'FN:{adresse.vorname} {adresse.nachname}',
+    ]
+
+    street = getattr(adresse, 'strasse', '') or ''
+    hausnummer = getattr(adresse, 'hausnummer', '') or ''
+    if hausnummer:
+        street = f"{street} {hausnummer}".strip()
+
+    adr = f'ADR:;;{street};{getattr(adresse, "ort", "")};;{getattr(adresse, "plz", "")};{getattr(adresse, "land", "")}'
+    lines.append(adr)
+
+    if getattr(adresse, 'email', None):
+        lines.append(f'EMAIL;TYPE=internet:{adresse.email}')
+
+    if getattr(adresse, 'telefon_vorwahl', None) or getattr(adresse, 'telefon_nummer', None):
+        tel = f"+{getattr(adresse, 'telefon_vorwahl', '')}{getattr(adresse, 'telefon_nummer', '')}".replace('++', '+')
+        lines.append(f'TEL;TYPE=voice:{tel}')
+
+    lines.append('END:VCARD')
+
+    with open(filepath, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        f.write('\n'.join(lines))
+
+    return filepath